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A ruderal species is a plant species that is first to colonize disturbed lands. The disturbance may be natural for example, wildfires or avalanchesor a consequence of human activity, such as construction (of roads, of buildings, mining, etc.) or agriculture (abandoned fields, irrigation, etc.). The word ''ruderal'' comes from the Latin ''rudus'' rubble. Ruderal species typically dominate the disturbed area for a few years, gradually losing the competition to other native species. However, in extreme disturbance circumstances, such as when the natural topsoil is covered with a foreign substance, a single-species ruderal community may become permanently established, as depicted in the image on the right. In addition, some ruderal invasive species may have such a competitive advantage over the native species that they, too, may permanently prevent a disturbed area from returning to its original state despite natural topsoil. == Features == Features contributing to a species' success as ruderal are: * Massive seed production. * Seedlings whose nutritional requirements are modest. * Fast-growing roots. * Independence of mycorrhizae. * Polyploidy 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「ruderal species」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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